A FPD may require an anterior cantilever away from the soft tissue in a horizontal and vertical dimension to provide this support. Nonrigid connectors when used judiciously can protect the pier abutment from deleterious forces and thereby increase the life span of FPD. Rather than removing sound tooth structure and crowning two or more teeth—thus increasing the risk of decay and endodontic therapy (and splinting teeth together with pontics, which have the potential to cause additional tooth loss)—a dental implant may replace the single tooth (Box 1-2). 10. google_ad_format = "728x90_as"; Keywords: non rigid connectors, teeth mobility, fixed partial denture 1. The frequent use of rigid connectors in day to day practice in such situations results in failure and instability of the prosthesis. Long clinical crowns with good crown–root ratios should be used, and require a healthy periodontium. second molar. Considering patient's age, clinical and radiological examination, a 5 unit, Porcelain fused to metal FPD with a rigid connector distal to upper right canine & a non-rigid connector distal to upper … google_ad_height = 90; Three types of FPDS made of type III gold alloy were fabricated: (1) Non-rigid connector at the distal aspect of the second premolar, (2) non-rigid connector at the distal aspect of the canine, and (3) all-rigid connectors. A missing second mandibular molar was replaced by a cantilever FPD supported by two neighboring abutments, the second premolar and the first molar. This clinical report describes rehabilitation of a patient with FPD with pier abutment using semi-precision attachment. The cast connectors are to be properly shaped in wax patterns. For example, in case of pier abutment. The occlusal forces applied to a fixed partial denture (FPD) are transmitted to the supporting structures through the pontic, connectors, and retainers. Biomechanical factors such as overload, leverage, torque and flexing, induce abnormal stress concentration in an FPD. The rigid and nonrigid connectors can increase the lifespan of an abutment in the five-unit FPD as it transfers less stress on the abutments. Thus the use of non rigid connector in case of pier abutment is recommended. Introduction The standard treatment for anterior intercalated edentulous ... prepared and an impression was taken for a provisional FPD, intended to provide aesthetic and functional rehabilitation during the healing period. Connectors are the components of a partial fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) or splint that join the individual retainers and pontics together. The preferred method of fabrication of most fixed partial dentures (FPDs) is rigid connectors between the pontic and retainers. The technique used is simple, economical, and feasible in an … Synonym (s): stress-broken connector, stress-broken joint. Note that no undercuts are evident between the two abutment preparations. In an FPD requiring the restoration of two missing teeth and where an intermediate pier abutment is present with a single casting (rigid connectors) is not an ideal treatment. FPDs are standard treatment options before the advent of implant therapy. Connectors are of two types, rigid connectors and non-rigid connectors.7,8,9 Loop connectors are non-rigid connectors that permit limited movements between otherwise independent members of the fixed partial denture prosthesis. The connector that permits limited movement between the otherwise, independent members of the FPDs … Angle Orthodont 1995;65:367-72. When it is engaged in a bite, the forces generated at the pontic create a large load on the abutment tooth as the pontic acts as a lever. Non- rigid connectors are indicated in such cases. This clinical report presents the use of a non-rigid connector in a long-span, five-unit FPD, replacing two missing teeth with an intermediate pier abutment. When such a removable prosthesis is made, however, positive support must be obtained from the adjacent abutments. 3 CONNECTORS.pptx - CONNECTORS Connectors types \u2022 Rigid \u2022 Non rigid \u2022 Spring cantilever \u2022 Loop connector Loop connectors \u2022 Rarely used \u2022. In case of grade one mobility and we want to decrease forces on the abutment (the force is directed to the periodontium directly reliving the … Both intracoronal and extracoronal restorations can be used as retainers and are fixed by adhesion. A Pontic is the artificial tooth on an FPD that replaces the missing natural tooth and restores its function. The current article strives to rekindle the awareness of utilizing this treatment modality which has shown a substantially promising track record in the past years. For decades, FPDs have provided a stable, reliable, and functional means of restoring bounded edentulous spaces (Figure 10-25). Variables that may influence the longevity of an FPD and its abutment include occlusion, span length, bone loss, and quality of periodontium. Connectors are the part of a FPD that unite the retainers and pontics. Fixed partial denture with all rigid connectors is less than ideal treatment plan for a 5 unit fixed partial denture involving pier abutment. 6-10 In TISP, use of a rigid connector is preferred over non-rigid connectors due to complications that may be seen more frequently in the latter such as tooth intrusion or peri-implantitis. Connectors are of two types, rigid connectors and non-rigid connectors.7,8,9 Loop connectors are non-rigid connectors that … In other words, the prerequisite is that there are enough healthy abutments to compensate for the missing tooth/teeth. 9 This stress can lead to fracture and loosening of the bridge and pain for the patient. The design and passive fit of NRC is critical to the success of a long-span FPD. In pier abutment areas, replacement of rigid connectors with non rigid connectors during fabrication of an FPD makes a huge difference in the long term mechanical behaviour of posterior fixed dental prosthesis. Reports indicate that abutment teeth for a FPD fail from endodontic complications (e.g., fracture) four times more often than those with vital pulps.104 The fracture of the tooth may result in failure of the prosthesis and abutment tooth. These are usually indicated when it is impossible to prepare a common path of insertion for the abutment preparations for an FPD RIGID CONNECTORS Rigid connections in metal can be made by casting, soldering, welding. Other complications associated with implants used to treat partial posterior maxillary edentulism are fractures of the occlusal surface of restorations and loose anchorage components. Rigid connectors - Cast connectors, soldered connectors, welded connectors and loop connectors. Keywords: Connector, non-rigid connector… google_color_border = "FFFFFF"; Almost 80% of abutments prepared for a three-unit FPD have no existing or only minimal restorations33,34 (Figure 1-12). David Bartlett, David Ricketts, in Advanced Operative Dentistry, 2011. Almost 30% of the 50- to 59-year-old adults examined in a U.S. National Survey exhibited either single or multiple edentulous spaces bordered by natural teeth. Often the incisive papilla lies at the crest of the residual ridge. Rigid connectors between retainers and pontics are the preferred way of fabricating most FPD. In 1990, more than 4 million FPDs were placed in the United States.21,22,32 Treatments to replace single teeth with a fixed prosthesis represent 7% of the annual dental reimbursement from insurance companies and more than $3 billion each year. Fewer than 10% of patients floss on a regular basis, and those using a floss threader are even fewer.101 As a result, the pontic acts as a large overhang next to the crown and a reservoir for plaque and bacteria. During the mandibular opening and closing stroke, the mandible flexes mediolaterally.' google_ad_channel ="5105895143"; Fixed partial dentures are susceptible to several common problems. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123946195000031, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323036979500132, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323287302000200, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323287302000194, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323171267000066, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780702031267000193, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323069908000129, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323375801000032, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323078450000014, Dental Implant Prosthetics (Second Edition), 2015, Treatment Planning in Dentistry (Second Edition), Jennifer L. Brame, ... Samuel P. Nesbit, in, Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Dentistry (Third Edition), Sam E. Farish, ... Edward R. Schlissel, in, Clinical Review of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Second Edition), Alan B. Carr DMD, MS, David T. Brown DDS, MS, in, McCracken's Removable Partial Prosthodontics (Twelfth Edition), Misch's Avoiding Complications in Oral Implantology, Despite the many advantages that an FPD has over its removable counterpart, the treatment modality does have inherent disadvantages. An non-rigid connector acts as an stress breaking mechanical union of retainer and pontic which is used in the form of a key (tenon) which will be attached to the pontic and a key-way (mortise) which will be placed within the retainer. The FPD shape is not uniform clinically, but is a complex combination of multiple convexities and concavities that depend on the geometry and alignment of the teeth [5,6]. Connectors are the part of a FPD that unite the retainers and pontics. Because 15% of abutment teeth require endodontics and root canal therapy may have a 10% failure rate at the 8-year mark, abutment teeth are at increased risk of loss. Figure 3.13. Rigid fixed … The occlusal forces applied to a fixed partial denture (FPD) are transmitted to the supporting structures through the pontic, connectors, and retainers. In this prosthesis, the movement of the nonrigid connector is enough to prevent the pier abutment from serving as a fulcrum. Figure 3.12. It’s recommended that FPDs always have two rigid ends of abutments. A removable partial denture will permit the location of the replaced teeth in a favorable relation to the lip and opposing dentition regardless of the shape of the residual ridge. Whenever excessive resorption has occurred, teeth supported by a denture base may be arranged in a more acceptable buccolingual position than is possible with a fixed partial denture (Figure 12-23). Q the non-rigid connectors are used in the construction of FPD when the span is [Q 6, Pg. Rigid connectors conventional. How can a rigid connector be made?-Casting-Soldering *Most common-Welding. Routine oral prophylactic procedures were carried out. Which type of connector is more common?-Rigid connectors. Adj retainers and connectors cast in one piece (full gold) or ... ging. Unlike a fixed partial denture, the artificial teeth supported by a denture base can be located without regard for the crest of the residual ridge and more nearly in the position of the natural dentition for normal tongue and cheek contacts. • In the mandibular arch, FPD consisting of anterior and posterior segments, a non rigid connector is indicated as the mandible flexes mediolaterally during opening and closing strokes. This three-tooth restoration can be fabricated within 1 to 2 weeks and satisfies the criteria of normal contour, comfort, function, esthetics, speech, and health. The abutment teeth of an FPD may be lost from caries, endodontic complications, or root fracture at rates up to 30% for 8 to 14 years.105 Recent reports indicate 8% to 18% of the abutment teeth supporting a FPD are lost within 10 years. google_ad_width = 728; - will serve to support the FPD - requires non-rigid connector - forces are transmitted to the terminal retainers as a result of the middle abutment acting as a FULCRUM, causing marginal leaking - NON-RIGID CONNECTORS FIX THIS. The fixed partial denture (FPD) is a dental restoration used to replace missing teeth and that is permanently attached to adjacent teeth or dental implants.21 It is like a ‘bridge’ fixed on the ‘stages.’ Here, the adjacent teeth or dental implants, called abutments, act as the stages to support the FPD bridge. The most important principle in planning tooth preparations on abutment teeth is retention. By constructing bridges with a non-rigid connector, this stress can be decreased. Markley (1951) suggested that non rigid connector should be placed at one of the terminal retainers. The non-rigid connector counterbalances the effects of these forces of leverage. A nonrigid connector may be preferred in fabrication of fixed partial denture (FPD) with pier abutment. The quality of the abutments and surrounding bone play a very important role in the success of the FPD. The first molar tooth is not in the smile line and a preparation for a full gold crown with a buccal and palatal chamfer finish to preserve as much of the tooth tissue as possible has been carried out. Thus the use of non rigid connector in case of pier abutment is recommended. google_color_text = "000000"; In either instance, the denture is nearly in a straight line because the pontics follow the form of the resorbed ridge. Caries and endodontic failure of the abutment teeth are the most common causes of, There exist many issues that may result when a, Dental Implant Prosthetics (Second Edition), The most common choice to replace posterior missing teeth is a, Clinical Review of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Also used in conjunction Improper control of forces distribution … An FPD may compromise the abutment teeth, making them susceptible to future treatment needs such as root canal therapy or even extraction (necessitated because of a tooth or root fracture). 11,12 Implant‒abutment connection type has an effect on soft tissue dimensions. Connectors in FPD. Samuel P. Nesbit, ... Carlos Barrero, in Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Dentistry (Third Edition), 2017. tisssue intact on full arch casts (guide restorations contour and proper position of FPD connectors) Cons: diff. what does it depend on? Markley (1951) suggested that non rigid connector should be placed at one of the terminal retainers. Becker et al., suggested to splint implant to two teeth when non-rigid connectors are considered. The frequent use of rigid connectors in day to day practice in such situations results in failure and instability of the prosthesis. The general principle is that the rigid support provided by abutments should overcome any stress levels applied on the pontics. When an occlusal force is applied to the pontic, it is delivered to the connector, retainer, and finally to the abutments and the surrounding bone structure by … distribution of the force is obtained through the rigid major, minor connectors and stabilizing components. When an occlusal force is applied to the pontic, it is delivered to the connector, retainer, and finally to the abutments and the surrounding bone structure by connecting the FPD and abutments together. Each unit of the FPD was loaded separately with a force of 30 psi, perpendicular to the alveolar crest. -Those parts of a FPD that join/splint the individual retainers and pontics together. The pontic acts as a plaque reservoir in a FPD and the abutment teeth often decay (Figure 1-11). Preparations should follow the general principle of long and near parallel (at least 10–15° taper) sides. Figure 3.14. CONNECTOR The portion of an FPD that unites the retainer (s) and pontic (s). Rigid connectors - Cast connectors, soldered connectors, welded connectors and loop connectors. Connectors are the part of a fixed partial denture (FPD) that unites the retainers and pontics .Connectors may be rigid (solder joints or cast connector) or non-rigid (precision attachment or stress breaker). By constructing bridges with a non-rigid connector, this stress can be decreased. There are still some notable indications for the FPD, however. google_ad_type = "text_image"; Department of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha, Maharashtra, India, Correspondence Address: A fixed–fixed bridge has a pontic rigidly connected to retainers on both sides and has one path of insertion. Caries (decay) and endodontic (root canal) failure of the abutment teeth are the most common causes of prostheses failure.27,28 Whereas the caries risk for a crown at 5 years is 1%, the caries risk for a FPD is over 20%. The FPD shape is not uniform clinically, but is a complex combination of multiple convexities and concavities that depend on the geometry and alignment of the teeth [5,6]. Because the central incisors are normally located anterior to this landmark, any other location of artificial central incisors is unnatural. The rigid and nonrigid connectors can increase the lifespan of an abutment in the five-unit FPD as it transfers less stress on the abutments. A cantilever FPD has the abutment at one end only, with the other end of the pontic remaining unattached. The pontic of a fixed partial denture must be correctly related to the residual ridge and in such a manner that the contact with the mucosa is minimal. Akulwar RS, Kodgi A. J Clin Diagn Res, 8(7):ZD12-3, 20 Jul 2014 Cited by: 2 articles | PMID: 25177650 | … 3 CONNECTORS.pptx - CONNECTORS Connectors types \u2022 Rigid \u2022 Non rigid \u2022 Spring cantilever \u2022 Loop connector Loop connectors \u2022 Rarely used \u2022. (GPT 8) Types-Rigid connectors -Non rigid connectors -tenon mortise connectors -loop connectors -split pontic connectors -cross pin and wing connectors In an FPD requiring the restoration of two missing teeth and where an intermediate pier abutment is present with a single casting (rigid connectors) is not an ideal treatment. Further it allows physiologic tooth movement and eliminates any hindrance against a fixed restoration with all rigid connectors . An FPD generally provides good esthetics, function, and preservation of arch form. Acid etch—retained prostheses have a particularly high rate of debonding. Non-rigid connectors in fixed prosthodontics: Current concepts with a case report J Prosthet Dent 1998;59:263-74. Markley (1951) suggested that non rigid connector should be placed at one of the terminal retainers. This is particularly true of a maxillary denture. In an FPD requiring the restoration of two missing teeth and where an intermediate pier abutment is present with a single casting (rigid connectors) is not an ideal treatment. Retainer = connects the pontic to the FPD If rigid connector is given in a prosthesis with pier abutment, the pier abutment may act as a fulcrum. For patients who have an aversion to oral surgical procedures of any kind, an FPD may also be an appropriate alternative. In addition, an endodontic posterior tooth abutment is at a greater risk of fracture. # The non-rigid connectors are used in the construction of FPD when the span is: a) Short, supplementing alveolar ridge reduction b) Short supplementing alveolar ridge reduction not required c) Long, supplementing alveolar ridge reduction d) Long, supplementing alveolar ridge reduction not … The bonhomie of rigid and nonrigid connectors can increase the lifespan of an abutment in 5-unit FDPs as it transfers less stress on the abutments. Tooth movements in divergent directions create stresses, that are transferred to the abutments & cause failure of the weaker retainer as the pier abutment act as a fulcrum. Connectors The portion of a fixed dental prosthesis that unites the retainer(s) and pontics Connectors are those parts of a fixed partial denture(FPD) that join the individual retainers and ponticstogether. In all ceramic resin-bonded FPD the occlusogingival height of the interdental connector must be … Patients should be informed of the risks associated with the surgical placement of implants in the posterior maxilla, including sinus penetration, buccal perforation, infection, and failure to integrate, even though survival data suggest an adequate success rate for this application of dental implants. This is most disturbing because 80% of abutments have no previous decay or are minimally restored before the fabrication of the FPD (Box 3.27).106, Carl E. Misch, in Dental Implant Prosthetics (Second Edition), 2015. Resin-Bonded, Etched Partial Dentures Akulwar RS, Kodgi A. J Clin Diagn Res, 8(7):ZD12-3, 20 Jul 2014 Cited by: 2 articles | … google_color_link = "cc6601"; However, completely rigid restoration is not indicated in all situations. Although rigid connectors are most commonly fabricated, in some situations like using pier abutment, NRCs are indicated. It has been also reported that non-rigid connectors should be used with caution as it increases unfavorable stresses on the abutment. Samuel Paul Nesbit, in Treatment Planning in Dentistry (Second Edition), 2007. Studies have shown up to 15% of abutment teeth for a fixed restoration require endodontic therapy compared with 3% to 6% of nonabutment teeth with crown preparations.103. google_color_url = "000000"; Hence non-rigid connectors are recommended in such clinical situations. Anteriorly, loss of residual bone occurs from the labial aspect. Photo-elastic stress analysis of supporting alveolar bone as modified by non-rigid connectors. Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012. Or Non-Precision type : A- occlusal rest. The incidence of failure is greater for a FPD compared with a single crown and places the abutment teeth at more risk. They are of two types - Rigid and Non - rigid connectors. google_color_bg = "FFFFFF"; 19. Pier abutment is an intermediate abutment for a … ... • Consist of loop on FPD ling aspect connecting FPD parts . There exist many issues that may result when a fixed partial denture fails. Class two inlay. Fixed partial dentures are susceptible to several common problems, including debonding; recurrent caries; gingivitis; periodontal disease; pulpal necrosis and associated periapical disease; occlusal trauma; or fracture of the prosthesis, usually the porcelain (Figure 9-10). 645, Pulse] a) Short, supplementing alveolar ridge reduction b) Short, supplementing alveolar ridge reduction not required c)Long, supplementing alveolar ridge reduction d) Long, supplementing alveolar ridge reduction not required [Pulse Answer] B //-->, nonrigid connectors; Tenon-Mortise connectors. Caries and endodontic failure of the abutment teeth are the most common causes of fixed partial denture prosthesis failure.100 Caries occur more than 20% of the time and endodontic complications to the abutments of a FPD 15% of the time. The retainers with pontics are then permanently cemented to abutment teeth. Diagram showing all components of a three-unit FPD. Sam E. Farish, ... Edward R. Schlissel, in Clinical Review of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Second Edition), 2014. Less than half of our population in the United States has dental insurance, and of those who do, only 50% of treatment costs are reimbursed. Clinical procedure Tooth preparation was done according to biomechanical principles (Fig. � The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society | Published by Wolters Kluwer -. Usually this is accomplished with rigid connectors (), although nonrigid connectors are occasionally used.The latter are usually indicated when it is impossible to prepare a common path of placement for the abutment preparations for a partial FDP (Fig. Variables that may influence the longevity of an FPD and its abutment include occlusion, span length, bone loss, and quality of periodontium. PV Badwaik, AJ Pakhan There are two kinds of connectors, either a rigid (locked) connector or a non-rigid connector (that works like a hinge). P V BadwaikDepartment of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha - 442 001, Maharashtra IndiaSource of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: NoneCheckDOI: 10.4103/0972-4052.16879 function RightsLinkPopUp () { var url = "https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet"; var location = url + "?publisherName=" + encodeURI ('Medknow') + "&publication=" + encodeURI ('JIPS') + "&title=" + encodeURI ('Non-rigid connectors in fixed prosthodontics: Current concepts with a case report') + "&publicationDate=" + encodeURI ('Apr 1 2005 12:00AM') + "&author=" + encodeURI ('Badwaik P V, Pakhan A J') + "&contentID=" + encodeURI ('JIndianProsthodontSoc_2005_5_2_99_16879') + "&orderBeanReset=true" Thus, The Non-Rigid connectors may be: Precision Type : in which a metal projection (male portion) is slot and a female portion is attached to the retainer. Patients must keep the FPD plaque free because the abutment teeth remain susceptible to recurrent caries and periodontal disease. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Sometimes a mandibular anterior fixed partial denture is made six or more units in length, in which the remaining space necessitates leaving out one anterior tooth or using the original number of teeth but with all of them too narrow for esthetics. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Despite the many advantages that an FPD has over its removable counterpart, the treatment modality does have inherent disadvantages. The prime dental indication for placing an FPD is the patient whose abutment teeth are heavily restored and who is otherwise a good candidate for full coverage restorations on those teeth. The vertical orientation of both abutment teeth needs to be reasonably well aligned and parallel to each other (Figures 19.1, 19.5 and 19.6) to avoid undercuts. Non-rigid connectors in fixed prosthodontics: Current concepts with a case report PV Badwaik, AJ Pakhan Department of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha, Maharashtra, India. Most fixed–fixed bridges have full coverage crown retainers: if one abutment tooth had a relatively small restoration and an inlay was use as a retainer, occlusal contact on the tooth would lead to shear stresses being generated in the cement lute, with eventual debonding and risk of secondary caries (Figure 19.7). Recurrent decay on the abutment crown primarily occurs on the margin next to the pontic. With these concerns in mind, it is mandatory that the fixed partial denture be thoroughly evaluated for mobility, fracture, occlusal trauma, pulpal health, soft tissue and periodontal response, presence of plaque, food impaction, caries, marginal integrity, function, and esthetic problems. Fixed partial denture with all rigid connectors is less than ideal treatment plan for a 5 unit fixed partial denture involving pier abutment. together). Three main components are locked together in one FPD unit: pontic, retainer, and connector (Figure 3.12). A notable exception is the resin-bonded bridge, for which the retainers are etched metal wings bonded directly to the abutment teeth (Figure 10-26). 1). Lack of occlusal stability. Success rates for fixed partial dentures on implants in the posterior maxilla have been reported to be about 95% at 5 years and about 93% at 10 years, and the quality of bone appears to have little influence on the success rate. The same method of treatment applies to the replacement of missing mandibular anterior teeth. The abutment tooth will be depressed by a force with a strong occlusal vector and must be selected with careful consideration of this extraordinary situation. The design and passive fit of NRC is critical to the success of a long-span FPD. These may include not only the need to replace the failed prosthesis but also the loss of an abutment tooth and the need for additional pontics and abutment teeth in the replacement bridge. Considering patient's age, clinical and radiological examination, a 5 unit, Porcelain fused to metal FPD with a rigid connector distal to upper right canine & a non-rigid connector distal to upper maxillary … For Kennedy I and II Classifications, where only the second molar is lost, a cantilever FPD can be used for restoration (Figure 3.14). In all ceramic resin-bonded FPD the occlusogingival height of the interdental connector must be as large as possible (minimum 4.0 mm) . The conventional use of a nonrigid connector (NRC) aids in compensating for the difference in the resistance and retention form between the abutments. Correspondence Address: P V Badwaik Department of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha - 442 001, Maharashtra India google_ad_client = "pub-8451019964492775"; Resin-bonded bridges present a particular concern if one retainer loosens and the other remains stable, in which case the abutment with the loose retainer is vulnerable to rapidly advancing caries. second molar. Although rigid connectors are most commonly fabricated, in some situations like using pier abutment, NRCs are indicated. With these concerns in mind, it is mandatory that the fixed partial denture be thoroughly evaluated for mobility, fracture, occlusal trauma, pulpal health, soft tissue and periodontal response, presence of plaque, food impaction, caries, marginal integrity, function, and esthetic problems.

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